- Contamination from indoor sources – Many indoor sources release gases or particles into the air (e.g. fresh paint, cleaning products, carbon monoxide, and office equipment).
- Inadequate ventilation – There is often an inadequate supply of outside air, as well as an opportunity for indoor air pollutants to leave a building or home.
- High temperature and humidity -- These high levels can increase the concentration of some pollutants.
- Contamination from outdoor sources – Polluted air can enter indoors through air intakes, open door and windows (e.g. ozone, carbon monoxide and particulate matter).
Examples of Indoor Air Pollutants
- Asbestos
- Biological Pollutants (animal dander, dust, mold, spores, bacteria and viruses)
- Carbon Monoxide
- Household Cleaning Products
- Lead
- Pesticides
- Radon
- Tobacco/Secondhand Smoke
Health Effects of Indoor Air Pollution
Everyone has been exposed to some level of indoor air pollutants. However, the health effects depend on the type and amount of pollution and the overall health of the individual. While some people do not experience any health reactions, others may experience one or more reaction. There are typically three types of reactions to indoor pollutants.
- Allergic: This is one of the most common reactions to indoor air pollutants. It can often be attributed to animal dander, dust mites and pollen. These allergies can range from mild to life threatening. Symptoms include: irritation of the ears, eye and throat; headaches, dizziness, fatigue; and difficulty breathing (asthma).
- Infectious: This reaction is caused by bacteria and viruses, such as the flu, chicken pox, measles, and chicken pox, which can be easily spread indoors. Crowded buildings or homes with poor air circulation can promote the spread of these infections.
- Toxic: This is the least common reaction to indoor allergens. Biological air pollutants cause this reaction, resulting in damage to organs and tissue within the body.
How to Improve Indoor Air Quality
There are three ways to improve the quality of indoor air within a building or home. First, the most effective way is to eliminate the source of pollution. For example, gas stoves can be adjusted to release fewer pollutants into the air. Second, another way to improve the quality of indoor air includes improving ventilation and increasing the amount of outdoor air. This includes opening windows and doors as well as running ceiling or regular fans on a recurring basis. Third, the last method to improve air quality includes the use of air cleaners. There are many types and sizes on the market, from inexpensive tabletop units to sophisticated systems that housed in a large building or home.
By Heather Brunson
