Sensors

Sensors are devices which measure and detect changes in signals, environments, or chemical activities. There are many different types of sensors utilized by businesses in a range of production and service capacities. Sensors are usually electronic and often used to regulate heat, humidity, magnetism, chemical levels, sterilization, and electrical currents in:

• Electronics and computers


• Medical industries


• Process industries


• Automotive processes


• Aerospace and military endeavors


• Specialty markets.

Temperature Sensors

Temperature sensors are probably the most common type of sensor. They are frequently used for medical purposes and in keeping products such as food or electrical components at specified temperatures.

• Contact sensors – these sensors are in contact with the item to measured, but really measure only their own temperature. It is assumed that there is no heat flow between the sensor and its subject, meaning that they are both at the same temperature.
• Non-contact sensors – these sensors use infrared or optical technology the measure the temperature of an object without making contact with it.
• Dewpoint temperature – these sensors measure humidity, and grew out of the technology used for non-contact thermal sensors. Humidity measurement is important for comfort, food safety, energy conservation, and efficiency in heat dependent processes.
• Thermal imaging – these sensors provide images used in medicine and for geographic purposes. They map out temperature gradients within an object.

Electrical Sensors

Electrical current sensors function by measuring the current of AC or DC electrical levels. They receive electrical inputs and issue analog voltage signal outputs, current levels, and audible signals. Some electrical current sensors provide sine wave or pulse trains to provide information on frequencies and frequency modulations.

Electromagnetic Sensors

There are several types of electromagnetic sensors. They measure linear movement and include function in a variety of ways to perform various functions. Robotic sensors are used to monitor complex environment factors. An electric field meter can measure the electromagnetic pollution in a home or office.

Sensors of this type are used in mineral, petroleum, geothermal, and groundwater studies. They are used in monitoring contaminant levels and in conducting studies of deep levels of the Earth's crust. They can also measure radiation.

Mechanical Sensors

Pressure sensors were developed during the steam age. Today, this technology involves relaying pressure readings into an electrical quantity. Pressure sensors are used in altimeters, barometers, and other such devices. Other types of mechanical sensors measure the flow rate of liquids and gases, gauge acceleration, or sense position.

Chemical Sensors

Chemical sensors can be complex apparatuses that detect the presence of certain chemicals or compounds.

By Doug Vanisky